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UGC NET Commerce Free Notes Pdf
As we are presenting the details of UGC NET Commerce Free Notes Pdf which help the
Students to the preparation for the Exam and also help to get the details about the UGC NET
Commerce 2020.
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NTA UGC NET Commerce Syllabus 2020
Unit 1 – Business Environment and International Business
Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems,
Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment Role of government in
business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and
their influence on business;
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Scope and importance of international business;
Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business, Theories of
international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff
barriers; India’s foreign trade policy, Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio
investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries;
Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy, Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components
of BOP, Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade
creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN,
SAARC, NAFTA International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD, World
Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS;
TRIPS; TRIMS
Unit 2 – Accounting and Auditing
Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates, Partnership Accounts: Admission,
Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms, Corporate Accounting:
Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger,
amalgamation and reconstruction of companies, Holding company accounts, Cost and
Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing;
Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-
making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT, Financial Statements
Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis, Human Resources
Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting, Indian Accounting Standards
and IFRS, Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets
and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit, Recent Trends in
Auditing: Management
audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit
Unit 3 – Business Economics
Meaning and scope of business economics, Objectives of business firms, Demand analysis:
Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and
MR, Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis, Law of Variable
Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale, Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves,
Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic
competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination, Pricing
strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing
Unit 4 – Business Finance
Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing, Cost of capital and time value of money,
Capital structure, Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of
capital budgeting analysis, Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and
policies, Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization, International monetary system,
Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques, International financial
markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs, International arbitrage; Multinational
capital budgeting
Unit 5 – Business Statistics and Research Methods
Measures of central tendency, Measures of dispersion, Measures of skewness, Correlation and
regression of two variables, Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem, Probability
distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions, Research: Concept and types;
Research designs, Data: Collection and classification of data, Sampling and estimation:
Concepts; Methods of sampling – probability and nonprobability methods; Sampling
distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation, Hypothesis testing:
z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest); Kruskal Wallis test (H-test);
Rank correlation test, Report writing
Unit 6 – Business Management and Human Resource Management
Principles and functions of management, Organization structure: Formal and informal
organizations; Span of control, Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and
decentralization Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories, Corporate governance
and business ethics, Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM;
Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession
planning, Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits,
Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal, Collective bargaining and
workers’ participation in management, Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group
dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management, Organizational
Culture: Organizational development and organizational change
Unit 7 – Banking and Financial Institutions
Overview of Indian financial system, Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural
Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks, Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and
monetary policy management, Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk
management; NPA management, Financial markets: Money market; Capital market;
Government securities market, Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions
(DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds,
Financial Regulators in India, Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion,
Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking;
Digital payments systems, Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk
classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance;
Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role.
Unit 8 – Marketing Management
Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing
planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning, Product decisions: Concept;
Product line; Productmix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development, Pricing
decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies, Promotion
decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods – Advertising; Personal selling;
Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix, Distribution decisions
Channels of distribution; Channel management, Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process;
factors influencing consumer buying decisions, Service marketing, Trends in marketing: Social
marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM,
Logistics management.
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business
Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent;
Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts,
Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge;
Contracts of agency, Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat
Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer, Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types
of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of
negotiable instruments, The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company
formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company, Limited Liability
Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India, The Competition Act,
2002: Objectives and main provisions, The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives
and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties, The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main
provisions, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights;
Emerging issues in intellectual property, Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main
provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST.
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning
Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes;
Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from
Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes, International Taxation:
Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing, Corporate Tax Planning:
Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion;
Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations
or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down
or continue operations, Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax;
E-filing of income-tax returns.
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